Catalina Concert Report free essay sample

I went to Catalina Bar Grill which situated at Sunset Blvd, Hollywood to see a Jazz show, including Kevin O’Neal and Patrice Quinn, alongside Oscar Hernandez, Sid Jacobs and Aaron Serfaty on Thursday, Mar 06, 2014. My flat mate and me were lost and once and made some enthusiastically memories attempting to find Catalina yet luckily we made it on time at any rate. As per our teacher the club is a decent spot and in fact I need to concede that after I taste the food there. We completed our flavorful supper and trust that the show will start. The exhibition began at around nine o’clock. On that night educator O’Neal was doing a great deal of employments including a bass player, vocalist, and the writer of this show. He got rounds of commendation when he remained on the stage. There was twelve bits of song in this splendid exhibition. We will compose a custom article test on Catalina Concert Report or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The main melody was â€Å"Black Butterfly,† and obviously the arranger is teacher Kevin O’Neal who additionally began with a bass performance, and later on, piano and drum with a quick beat changed the moderate bass beat, and afterward all the three instrument consolidated. I think this bit of music was demonstrating the delightful dark butterfly’s excursion of life. It made me wonder the flavor of nature and the opportunity in the sky. The accompanying pieces are â€Å"The way you look tonight,† which formed by Jerome Kers and Lyric by Dorothy Fields, â€Å"They Can’t Take That Away From Me† by GershwinGershwin, and â€Å"Now Or Never† with the author Holiday, C. R. Lewis. These three melody’s beat was no genuine contrast with the principal tune, yet those three songs were in a comparable subject, which was about the delightful dismal/sentimental love. The vocalist Patrice Quinn’s singing was truly getting to my ear that was truly unwind and one of a kind. Her voice completely filled this excellent spot until the tune finished. The rests of the tunes, â€Å"Pannonica†, â€Å"Ceora†, â€Å"There For You†, â€Å"Ball Chain†, â€Å"California Soul†, â€Å"Save A Thought For Me† and the last piece â€Å"Expectation† are totally made by educator O’Neal. â€Å"There For You† was in a moderate beat that was about the joy love. â€Å"Ball Chain† was indicating the dark subjection that works for the proprietor with nothing. I think this current tune's motivation to advance the possibility of correspondence. â€Å"California Soul† was my main tune since we are here in California. The phenomenal thing about this melody is that it really caused me to feel the breeze from the sea shore and the smell of the daylight. â€Å"Save A Thought For Me† was beginning with the piano that simply help me to remember the nature and a wonderful rainbow directly after the tempest. The last bit of music was â€Å"Expectation. † It started with a short bass performance then vocalist Patrice Quinn consolidated her moderate singing with teacher O'Neal's singing. After piano, drum and bass in a quicker beat. Both of the artists singing together and reach to the closure of this exhibition. Taking everything into account, teacher O'Neal's exhibition was truly intriguing on the grounds that it is really the principal music show understanding for me. Furthermore it is likewise significant in light of the fact that it made me begin to become acquainted with progressively about the jazz musician’s life. In addition, I have really encountered the intensity of music that can taint every various individuals paying little mind to their nationality, since us all universal understudy delighted in the presentation clearly.

Most Influential Persons in History

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 1 The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History The front of the 1992 version. Author(s) Country Language Series Michael H. Hart United States English first Edition (1978) second Edition (1992) History Non-Fiction Hart Publishing organization 1978 Print 9780806513508 644066940 [1] Subject(s) Genre(s) Publisher Publication date Published in English Media type ISBN OCLC Number The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H.Hart, reproduced in 1992 with amendments. It is a positioning of the 100 individuals who, as indicated by Hart, most affected mankind's history. [2] The principal individual on Hart's rundown is the Prophet of Islam Muhammad. [3] Hart declared that Muhammad was â€Å"supremely successful† in both the strict and common domains. He likewise accepted that Muhammad's job in the improv ement of Islam was undeniably more persuasive than Jesus' joint effort in the advancement of Christianity. He properties the advancement of Christianity to St. Paul, who assumed a urgent job in its dissemination.The 1992 updates incorporated the downgrade of figures related with Communism, for example, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, and the presentation of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart favored one side in the Shakespearean creation issue and subbed Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford for William Shakespeare. Hart likewise subbed Niels Bohr and Henri Becquerel with Ernest Rutherford, in this way rectifying a blunder in the primary version. Henry Ford was likewise advanced from the â€Å"Honorary Mentions† list, supplanting Pablo Picasso. At last, a portion of the rankings were re-requested, albeit nobody recorded in the main ten changed position.Hart composed another book in 1999, entitled A View from the Year 3000,[4] voiced in the point of view of an individual from that fu ture year and positioning the most powerful individuals ever. Generally 50% of those sections are anecdotal individuals from 2000â€3000, however the rest of genuine individuals. These were taken for the most part from the 1992 version, with some re-positioning of request. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 2 Hart's Top 10 (from the 1992 release) Rank Name Time Frame Image Occupation Influence The focal human figure of Islam, viewed by Muslims as a prophet of God and the last messenger.Active as a social reformer, representative, vendor, scholar, speaker, administrator, military pioneer, compassionate, altruist. English physicist, mathematician, space expert, regular rationalist, chemist, and scholar. His law of widespread attractive energy and three laws of movement laid the foundation for old style mechanics. The focal figure of Christianity, worshipped by Christians as the Son of God and the manifestation of God. Likewise viewed as a significant proph et in Islam. 1 Muhammad c. 570â€632 Secular and strict pioneer 2 Isaac Newton 1643â€1727 Scientist 3 Jesus Christ 7â€2 BC †26â€36 AD Spiritual pioneer 4 Buddha 563â€483 BCSpiritual pioneer Spiritual instructor and logician from antiquated India. Organizer of Buddhism and is likewise viewed as a Gautama Buddha in Hinduism. 5 Confucius 551â€479 BC Philosopher Chinese mastermind and social savant, originator of Confucianism, whose lessons and theory have profoundly impacted Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese and Indonesian idea and life. 6 Paul of Tarsus 5â€67 AD Christian messenger One of the most striking of early Christian ministers, credited with converting and spreading Christianity outside of Palestine (for the most part to the Romans) and writer of various letters of the New Testament of the Bible. Cai Lun 50â€121 AD Political authority in supreme China Widely viewed as the designer of paper and the papermaking procedure. 8 Johannes Gutenberg 1398 â€1468 Inventor German printer who concocted the mechanical print machine. 9 Christopher Columbus Albert Einstein 1451â€1506 Explorer Italian pilot, colonizer and wayfarer whose journeys prompted general European familiarity with the American landmasses. German-brought into the world hypothetical physicist, most popular for his hypothesis of relativity and explicitly massâ€energy identicalness, communicated by the condition Eâ =â mc2. 0 1879â€1955 Scientist The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 3 References [1] http://worldcat. organization/oclc/644066940 [2] Michael H. Hart The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons ever. first distributed in 1978 (http://books. google. com/books? id=CUxmAAAAMAAJ), reproduced with minor modifications 1992 (http://books. google. com/books? id=jvbNRbDKY1wC). ISBN 978-0-8065-1068-2 [3] The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons ever (http://material science. hallym. air conditioning. r/~physics/cou rse/a2u/advancement/img/toptenlistweb. pdf) [4] Michael H. Hart. A view from the year 3000: a positioning of the 100 most compelling people ever; first distributed in 1999 (http://books. google. com/books? id=8xEHAAAACAAJ& dq) External connections †¢ Religious Affiliation of History's 100 Most Influential People (http://www. disciples. com/adh_influ. html) Article Sources and Contributors 4 Article Sources and Contributors The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History  Source: http://en. wikipedia. organization/w/list. php? ldid=541009470  Contributors: *Kat*, 28bytes, 2A01:E35:2E17:73A0:655B:291D:6556:97AA, 2A01:E35:8B97:1660:1488:120F:F261:9756, 2D, Aatifwahab, Abunizam, Adeel IGIS, Admit reality, Afro7, Ahsan99, Aizlumzan, Ajraddatz, Akudikiryu, Alansohn, Alhanief, Allens, Alvaro, AmRadioHed, Andrei S, Andycjp, Anonymous editorial manager, Antiuser, Ashley P, Atemperman, Auximines, BD2412, Backpackadam, Badassmcgee, Badgerpatrol, Barrkel, Baseball Wat cher, Bchaosf, Begoon, Bejesus, Ben Ram, Bender235, Benjamin Mako Hill, Bento00, Bigblue1892, Bigturtle, Bill Thayer, Billyjoekoepsel, Blaylockjam10, Bobo192, Bruce1ee, Brutannica, Bstbll, Btwied, Bucketsofg, Buddy christ2012, CL8, Callum20000005, CambridgeBayWeather, CanadianLinuxUser, CanisRufus, CapitalLetterBeginning, CardinalDan, Cflm001, ChicJanowicz, Chris Rocen, Chrislk02, Cigarette, Cindamuse, Ck lostsword, Cmdrjameson, Coredesat, Corvus cornix, Courcelles, Creation7689, Creekid12, Crotalus horridus, Cwlq, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DCNanney, DO'Neil, Dacoutts, Dali, DannyNemer, Darkwind, Davepape, David in DC, De728631, Dennis Brown, Deor, DerHexer, DerechoReguerraz, Destroyer470, Discospinster, DivF, Dndn91, Dningale, Doctorevil64, Downunder112, Dragons flight, Dreadstar, Drmaik, Dysmorodrepanis, E.Fokker, EAhmadNawaz, ERobson, ESkog, Ebe123, Edgarde, Endlessmike 888, Endofskull, EngineerFromVega, Engineerniaz, Enigmaman, Epbr123, Eraveling, Erikvanthienen, ErinHowarth, Esrever , Essjay, Etertingt, FCSundae, Fibonacci, Fish and karate, Flauto Dolce, Fluffernutter, Fram, Free-reference book, FreplySpang, Gaff, Gaiusknight, Gamaliel, Garion96, Ged UK, Generalboss3, Geni, Georgia fellow, Gfoley4, Gilliam, Gilo1969, Gimmemoretime, Godrocks1234, Goethean, Golbez, GoldenGlory84, Goodranch, GorillaWarfare, Gracenotes, GreatWhiteNortherner, GregAsche, Grenavitar, Grstain, Gwernol, Gyepi, HEL, HJ Mitchell, Haaqfun, Hamsterlopithecus, Hardouin, Helevorn, Hmains, Hmrox, Hmwith, HoodedMan, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, IanManka, Imranbkazi, truth be told, Info. dinesharyal, Intelligentsium, Intermediate-Hacker, J. elanoy, JGF Wilks, JW1805, JaGa, Jagged 85, Jahangirbijarani, Jaraalbe, Jeff5102, Jeffex5, Jennavecia, JimWae, Jjc2002, Jk2q3jrklse, Jlpspinto, JoanneB, Johnpennye, Jonathunder, Josh3580, Joshdboz, Jpgordon, JuneGloom07, Just zis Guy, you know? , Justinbhill, JzG, Keegan, Keptbriefly, Kingparkash93, Kinneyboy90, Kmorozov, KnightMove, KnowledgeOfSelf, Korossyl, Kowa lmistrz, Krisos, Kross, Kumarrao, L Kensington, Lachiestitch, Lan-astaslem, LaszloWalrus, Latka, Leafyplant, Legionas, Light48, LightOnLight, LikeLakers2, Lilac Soul, Little Mountain 5, Lopo, Lord Emsworth, Ltimur, Lukehodgso, Luna Santin, M48b, MC10, MR. MOTOWN, MRDXII, Mahmoudalrawi, Malmacmal, Marek69, MarkGallagher, Materialscientist, Matt Crypto, Matturn, Maurreen, MegaSloth, Mentifisto, Michael L.Kaufman, Michael Snow, Michael marks, Mike Rosoft, Mimiian, MinorExpectations, Misortie, Mjjlover, Monkey Bounce, Morbidthoughts, Moriori, Mpolo, Mrmaroon25, Mufka, Multiman dan, Myerholtzb2120, NGC 2736, Nae'blis, Nazaric, Nesiuc, Netalarm, Neutrality, NewEnglandYankee, News Historian, Niaz, Nightfury01, Noisy, Northumbrian, Nufy8, OSborn, Obamamaniac, Octavian 1977, Okorojude, OneGuy, OnePt618, Ordrestjean, PM800, Palmiro, Palpatine, Panos84, Peaceworld111, Pegship, Pharos, Philip Trueman, PhilipO, Piano non troppo, PierceG, Pm4564, Pobbard, Pol430, Polyamorph, Popcanc, Qmwne235, Qu aerere, Quinsareth, QuiteUnusual, RA0808, RMHED, Racklever, RadioKirk, Rafiwiki, Raguks, Razishaban, Rbfbmac13, Reaper Eternal, RedWolf, Reddi, Reformation32, Reinyday, Renegade MUFC, Rich Farmbrough, Risker, Rj, Robin 1323, Rontrigger, Routeusual123, Roy da Vinci, Rubicon, Runehelmet, Ruud Koot, SIZIK, Saharknr, Sanajcs, Sannse, Satori Son, Scepter, Seaphoto, Seb az86556, Seiji uz, Shaun ward, Siroxo, Slackergeneration, Solipsist, Someguy1221, SpaceFlight89, Steel1943, Strikerforce, Striver, Sven Manguard, Syedabdhahir, Syrthiss, TaerkastUA, Tanbircdq, Tariqabjotu, Tbhotch, Teddks, Tempodivalse, The Master of Mayhem, The-worry wart, TheWriter07, Therefore, Thomasmeeks, Thunderboltz, Tide rolls, Tired time, Titoxd, Toba4luv, Tothebarricades. k, Travelbird, TrebleSeven, Trilobitealive, Trusilver, Truthsurvives, Tylerelmolover, Uishaki, Ultimateremedy, Umeshghosh, UnicornTapestry, Ute in DC, Vali expert, VasilievVV, Vasupandian, Vedicdharmi, VeryVerily, VirtualDelight, Wantsgaxo, Wayw ardhorizons, Whosasking, Wiggles007, WikHead, Wiki alf, Wikipelli, Will Beback, Wiz9999, Wknight94, WookieInHeat, Worm That Turned, Wwoods, Xaosflux, Xrainville, Yaser PL, Ymasood, Zellfaze,

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Already Have a Good Resume

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Already Have a Good Resume Many MBA candidates do not properly rethink and revise their resumes for their business school applications. Because they already have a resume saved on their computer, they often dismiss this important element of their profile. We are here to warn you  not  to underestimate the value of this documentâ€"the admissions committees actually review applicants’ resumes rather carefully, because they serve as a road map of each candidate’s career. As we have noted in the past, your resume is not the place to “stuff” all your life experiences. Somewhere between cramming your resume with information and ignoring it altogether lies the ideal: crafting a clear, easily scannable, action-/results-oriented resume that tells a story. This kind of document will capture the attention of an admissions officer who has reviewed hundreds of similar files. One of the most common errors candidates make is leaving their resume in an industry-specific format, filled with jargon and acronyms recognizable only to an expert in their field. Remember, the admissions committee is not hiring you for a task, but is trying to understand your progress, your accomplishments, and even your character.  Each bullet point in your resume needs to highlight achievement more than positional expertise. As you prepare your resume to be included in your application, think about your audience and recognize that your resume can be a strategic tool to reinforce certain characteristics that are important to youâ€"characteristics that may complement information provided in other parts of your application. For example, if you aspire to a career that is international in nature, you may place more emphasis on your international experience in your resume. Or, if you come from a field that is not known for its management orientationâ€"you were a teacher who administered a school’s $50,000 student activities budget, for exampleâ€"you may use your resume to emphasize disciplines that are important to an MBA admissions audience. Some candidates are surprised to realize that one page can communicate so much and therefore deserves a significant level of attention, but investing some time in this short but crucial document is definitely worth the effort. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed I Already Have a Good Resume Many MBA candidates do not properly rethink and revise their resumes for their business school applications. Because they already have a resume saved on their computer, they often dismiss this important element of their profile. We are here to warn you  not  to underestimate the value of this documentâ€"the admissions committees actually review applicants’ resumes rather carefully, because they serve as a road map of each candidate’s career. As we have noted in the past, your resume is not the place to “stuff” all your life experiences. Somewhere between cramming your resume with information and ignoring it altogether lies the ideal: crafting a clear, easily scannable, action-/results-oriented resume that tells a story. This kind of document will capture the attention of an admissions officer who has reviewed hundreds of similar files. One of the most common errors candidates make is leaving their resume in an industry-specific format, filled with jargon and acronyms recognizable only to an expert in their field. Remember, the admissions committee is not hiring you for a task, but is trying to understand your progress, your accomplishments, and even your character.  Each bullet point in your resume needs to highlight achievement more than positional expertise. As you prepare your resume to be included in your application, think about your audience and recognize that your resume can be a strategic tool to reinforce certain characteristics that are important to youâ€"characteristics that may complement information provided in other parts of your application. For example, if you aspire to a career that is international in nature, you may place more emphasis on your international experience in your resume. Or, if you come from a field that is not known for its management orientationâ€"you were a teacher who administered a school’s $50,000 student activities budget, for exampleâ€"you may use your resume to emphasize disciplines that are important to an MBA admissions audience. Some candidates are surprised to realize that one page can communicate so much and therefore deserves a significant level of attention, but investing some time in this short but crucial document is definitely worth the effort. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed

Gender, Discrimination, Bias, And The Hostility Against...

When we hear or see older people, nearly most of us think of them in a negative way. We see these people as if they were sick, barely living, mentally unstable and can t function or do a job correctly, we even pity them and get sad of how they look like. These emotions that most people feel is no different than how some men feel about women (sexism), or how the dominant race, let s say the white, feels toward an ethnic minority (racism). These emotions toward older people are an indicator of ageism in the society. Ageism can be defined as the discrimination, bias, and the enmity against older people. A great example of ageism is rejecting an older job applicants in favor of a younger one. Three theory apply to aging the elderly. Our first theory is called structural-functional theory. As the author of our textbook, John Macionis, agrees that this approach views society as a complex, but interconnected system, where each part works together as a functional whole (p.16). The author of the book applies this approach to the aging topic and show how the operations of the society can be confused and disordered on the fact that people grow old and die ultimately. As a result of that the society dissociate older people from important tasks or disband them from responsibilities as they grow older (p.439). Drawing on the structural-functional theory, the disengagement theory illustrates that as people grow old the society eliminates them from their responsibilities and theirShow MoreRelatedStereotypes, Conformity, And Discrimination1742 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudices and Discrimination in American History X Abstract Stereotyping, prejudice, conformity, and discrimination are well portrayed in the movie American History X. The negative attitude held by Derek towards to black people is greatly influenced and learned from his father who was a racist. Derek also transfers these prejudice attitudes towards his younger brother Danny as he grows up seeing the racism practiced in his family and his brother. Although these attitudes are based on propagandaRead MoreInjustice And Social Injustices1532 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Though the concept of social injustice is universal in nature, the experience varies with each person. Factors like a person’ race, or gender can further influence the severity of the injustice; victims caught in the overlap between discriminations often go unrecognized by the law and society. Many people recognize the names Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Tamir Rice as African Americans who were murdered by local police. But names like Michelle Cusseaux, Tanish Anderson, and MeaganRead MoreThe Magazine And Interest Sources Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesanother one in a conversation. However the other women is not interested and responds with â€Å"can we just talk about shoes†. 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Literary Techniques Used in November Cotton Flower by Jean...

â€Å"Slavery in the south was brutal as anybody could imagine† an idea expressed by Jean Toomer through his poem called â€Å"November Cotton Flower†. The poem is fourteen lines of rhyming verse describing the harsh, sudden and questionable bloom of a cotton flower in the month of November. It is composed of heroic couplets, with a regular rhyme scheme, which is as follows: A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D, E, E, F, G, H, H, but the poem reads like Shakespearian sonnet - three quatrains developing a certain tone and theme, followed by a couplet that undercuts or reverses them. In the beginning it portrays the scuffle for survival of cotton flower during November’s harsh winter weather; but towards the end, it describes the sudden bloom of it. The author goes in depth with most of the descriptions to give a reader a clear and strong mental image. The poem describes the weather and its effect on cotton flower by pointing out the dying branches and vanishing cotton. The image of insufficiency, struggle and death parallel the oppression of African American race. The beginning of the poem illustrates the struggle and suffering of the cotton flower; which represent the misery of African Americans and also gives an idea that there is no hope for them. But at the end the speaker says â€Å"brown eyes that loves without a trace of fear/ Beauty so sudden for that time of year† (lines 13-14). This shows the rise of the African American race, and their fight against racism. The author used mood, tone and

The Sun And Moon Are Not Present Until The Fourth Day

Given that the Sun and Moon are not present until the fourth day, how can it be maintained that the first three days are days in the sense that we now understand them? Our current day is delineated via the earth’s rotation in relation to the Sun – no Sun, no 24 hour days. Even the passage itself says this, for it says in Gen. 1:14: â€Å"Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. And let them be . . . for days†. It may be objected that, regardless of whether or not we had a distant object in relation to which we might measure the progression of the earth’s rotation, it nonetheless remained similar to what it is now. But this is by no means clear, for the text itself maintains that the earth was radically and fundamentally different at that time, being â€Å"without form and void† (v. 2). As such, any claim that the earth’s rotation then was similar to what it is now is based on an assumption: namely , that in spite of the fact that the earth itself was physically different, natural processes such as its rotation were the same then as now. This is a rather curious claim to make, for it is one of the primary charges leveled against those who adhere to other interpretations of the days (and correspondingly, the age of the earth) by those with whom we are disputing. Proponents of the calendar-day interpretation frequently charge those with whom they disagree, whether secular scientists or other believers, of assuming that natural processes inShow MoreRelated Timekeeping is the Greatest Invention Essay545 Words   |  3 Pagesbodies, the sun, moon, planets, and stars. Beginning with timepieces that run on daylight, such as the sundial, developing into digital clocks we use today, it can even be argued that timekeeping is even a basic necessity in today’s society. 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This prophecy was given during the week before His crucifixion, and it is pivotal to understanding the future events that will affect the entire world. The proph ecyRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1954 Words   |  8 Pagessymbols in this poem, but they are not as important as the albatross. An albatross is a bird associated with food and protection. The poem states that the albatross is â€Å"good omen to the seamen† (Coleridge 671). The albatross helped the men for nine days, bringing them away from the cloud of the fog. By its behavior, it brings reconciliation and relief to the men. Wilson Knight finds the albatross to be a â€Å"redeeming Christ-like force† (par. 2). Then the mariner kills the bird for no particular reasonRead MoreEssay on Winter Solstice1411 Words   |  6 PagesLight, and there was Light. The Spirit saw the Light was good, and divided the Light from the darkness. The Light was called Day, and the darkness was called Night. And there was evening and there was morning the first Day. (From the Jerusalem Bible with some adaptations) Mythology gives us a spirited understanding of how Day was created, which lead to moon-ths, seasons, changing of the seasons and to the solstices. Our myths are, in part, based on fact; and in this age of reason, aRead MoreCritical Analysis of Kubla Khan by S.T. Coleridge1627 Words   |  7 Pagesself-portrayal by Coleridge who believes that it is he who controls the land of Xanadu. A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice. The dome itself is a contrast with sun and ice, the sun symbolising all things good and the ice symbolising death and destruction. There is a definite change of tone between the third and fourth stanzas. The fourth stanza no longer describes Xanadu, but Coleridges desire for control over his imagination, to be able to re-conjure the feelings and ideas of Xanadu. The two partsRead MorePink Floyd Song Analysis1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfixation we cannot get enough of. Since humanity is required to age, time seems to slip away. We don’t comprehend how time is synthesized. Society knows it goes on forever, regardless of what happens in life. Pink Floyd’s album, Dark Side Of The Moon, had immense success. It was recorded in the summer of 1972 on Capital records. The song Time was written by Roger Waters and recorded in the progressive era of rock and roll. The song is important because it demonstrates how people don’t realizeRead MoreThunder rides a black horse, by Claire Farrer1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhat Claire Farrer means by living in the mythic present is that although most Indian c ulture is perceived long to have been different, it is in fact very live and active today. I will give specific examples from her book, Thunder Rides a Black Horse, to support my arguments of what the mythic present actually means and list many examples of events that could be considered to be in the mythic present. First I will define the mythic present in the terms that Claire Farrer actually uses in Read MoreThe Sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic977 Words   |  4 Pagesocean, but lets dig a bit deeper and find what makes these conclusions become reasonable explanations. On January 4, 1912, three months before the Titanic set sail, a solar eclipse occurred. The moon came closer than it has ever been to Earth in 1,400 years, and Earth made its annual close distance to the sun. The last time this had ever happened was in 796 A.D., and the next time this will occur is the year 2257. When this eclipse happened, it made the tides change in drastic measures. On the banks

Woolworth Meat Logistics And Supply Chain Management - Solution

Question: Discuss about theLogistics and Supply Chain Management of Woolworth Meat. Answer: Introduction Woolworth or as popularly known,Woolies, is Australias largest supermarket chain. They are in the business of offering groceries, seasonal goods and home supplies. Woolworth believes in providing fresh products for its customers, and it relies heavily on its Australian base suppliers for fresh production of fruits and vegetables and meats. Woolworth has the habit of changing their strategy in order to empower their suppliers and develop inventory management. Their retail stores are spread all over Australia, and to ensure uninterrupted supply to all those stores, they have set up distribution centres at strategic points to have a smooth delivery of products (Gilmour 2013). Woolworth has kept its trust on differentiation strategy, a strategy that has brought them the desired results. The Fresh Food People mantra of it is a hit among the customers. Woolworths huge market share is due to its business position that revolves around the food being fresh. This report would take into account the logistics and supply chain details of Woolworths meat along with fruits and vegetables. Suppliers: The supplier base of Woolworths is pretty steady and the company consists of a team of scientists for developing new products. Woolworths reputation in the market is that of a tough buyer whose demands are very strong too. Suppliers have found it challenging to work with Woolworth and the CEO of the company, Simon Susman backs up their comment. Woolworths retail supply network is very tightly integrated ranging from farmers to the IT firms. The suppliers need to maintain the required industry standards every time. Woolworth provides every possible support to their suppliers, once deal is being made, as the company heavily invests on new product processing and development (Oke, Prajogo and Jayaram 2013). Selecting the best possible supplier is a reason for Woolworths success in the retail market. The suppliers bargaining power is very low in this case, as Woolworth has a market share of over 80%, making them the key purchaser, or in some cases the only purchaser of the a producers manufacture. According to Coyle et al. (2016), the reason Woolworth is being able to pressurize many of their local producers to supply the exact things they need like type of crops, methods in agriculture and prices these producers accept, based on the entitys product class requirement. Distribution Centre: Woolworth does not produce the items it sells to its customers. It is responsible for only controlling the distribution network. The goods Woolworth distributes is at first being shifted from the producers house to the regional distribution centre, where products are stored for quality check and certification on meeting the standards, which once done is then transported directly to the stores as required. This system has been quite effective and it has facilitated in reducing Woolworths cost by a staggering $2.5 billion. The Brisbane Regional Distribution centre (BRDC) is situated in the south western suburbs of Larapinta, which supplies products to around 180 supermarkets located in the state. Woolworth also offers their fresh produce to many of these locations with the help of DC satellite at Townsville that takes into consideration the supply of far north Queensland. Product quality is maintained in the best way by Woolworth by operation through this distribution centres. The distribution centre holds within itself, less than a days supply of fresh food at a time which is around 0.7. Transport: The primary freight of Woolworth offers a consistent and suitable transport service from the producers manufacturing unit to Woolworth distribution Centres. Recently the company is also providing freight temperature controlled meat and produce facilities. The primary freight chips in with close to 50% of capacity in to Woolworths DC. Woolworths Primary Freight guarantees even and dependability to the goods into the supply chain of Woolworth. Its distribution network is boosted by the trucks owned by the company only, ensuring proper supply of items to shops as and when required, thus maintaining the desired punctuality. Moreover, as the trucks are owned and operated by Woolworth, they can prevent any kind of labour strike. This enables Woolworth to maintain the efficiency level in distribution. In 2012, Woolworth entered into a five year contract with Linfox to carry on its store distribution from the Wyong distribution centre of the retailer situated in the Central coast of NSW. 50 Linfox drivers have the job of delivering goods from the Wyong distribution centre to the 45 stores located in various part of Sydney. The drivers have been providing an exceptional service for their customers. Buying and Handling at Woolworth: In Australia there is the presence of around 3500 businesses which supplies Woolworth with fresh food. The company sells around 96% of the fresh fruits and vegetables that are grown in the Australian firms. It has the habit of storing Australian fresh food at any possible locations and imports only when local vegetables and fruits are out of season. When a company is in the business of selling fresh food items along with storage stuffs, it has to take into account the required food safety measures, as prioritized by consumers. In Woolworth there is this micro-biological testing facility that checks both the safety and quality of the companys fresh food. While buying goods of such kinds, people do evaluate the quality, price and freshness of such foods. A state-of-the-art Sensory Evaluation Kitchen is used by Woolworth where customer panels have the benefit of testing the taste of the companys fresh food items and their functionality. Woolworth is the first among many to earn the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) accreditation, which ensures consumers of enjoying gentle juicy lambs and beef every time they intend to purchase (Laosirihongthong, Adebanjo and Choon Tan 2013). Retailer-Supplier Relationship: Woolworth has the habit of buying directly from the real producers and maintains a strong relationship with all the farmers in and around Australia. The strong relationship has assisted these farmers in believing that their fresh products will long be in demand. Woolworth has provided them with enough support and channelized their investments in farming practices, new technologies and other environmental management systems. Woolworth wants to minimize the middlemen factor from their distribution network so that the farmers get the best possible return. This in turn ensures Woolworth to keep a check on their prices and keep it at a competitive level. Dealing directly with the producers guarantees enough time to Woolworth to deliver products from the farm gates to the shelves of supermarket, which results in the consumer being provided with better quality and fresher products (Juan Ding et al. 2014). Woolworth as Wholesaler: Woolworth is exclusive wholesaler of many items where it has entered into deals with some of Australias home grown firms. For example Woolworth is delivering new varieties of apples to the Australian households which resulted from a long term relationship between Woolworths and Australian family owned business Montague fresh. Managing Inventory at Woolworth: The inventory level that is being held at stores is high and only effective inventory management will ensure in increasing the net income of Woolworth. It favours the contemporary inventory management approach that applies radio frequency identification in order to communicate with the reader through radio waves for purpose related to tracking and identification (Simpson et al. 2015). This technology reduces the loss that is caused due to theft, done by employees and consumers. The shrinkage cost reduction increases the net income. Woolworth worked in tandem with its suppliers to bring in elasticity into its system. It also uses the conventional type too where every item is processed through a scanner under bar code technology, which is a bit time consuming. Target Market of Woolworth: Woolworth aims at customers in the LSM groups of 6-10, focusing more on the age group of 30. They have other products which caters to younger age groups having childrens wear, teenagers but their main focus is on the 30 age group. However, because of the fact that Woolworth provides fresh food to its consumers, every age group can have a taste of it. Channel Format of Woolworth: Direct channels: the oldest format where products are being sold directly without involving middlemen through retail stores and door to door sales. Woolworth sells products through its own retail outlets. Online: Woolworth has gone online too where shopping has been made easy. The prices are being kept same in accordance to the prices they have in store. It also provides free delivery to shoppers purchasing for the first time. Spine Layout: Spine layout (Source: https://www.slideshare.net) (Created by Author) Spine layout is the process of making the customers wanders the entire store and makes shopping. This layout has been stated as simple and is basically put in use for medium sized stores that caters to wide range of merchandise. Its all about understanding the flow of consumer where store owners try and analyze the different areas in which the store is performing exceptionally well and where it is going wrong. The stores of Woolworth are getting a new design that is being hoped to draw more customers to cover up for the losses suffered during the yearly earnings of the company. The company has come up with fresher looks with the farmers market style stores being upgraded to features like new signage, improved lighting and broader aisles along with a new makeover has also been planned for the meat and the deli section. The new look is just going to make shopping a fun experience for customers with proper displays of products and checkout wait times. A proper ambience helps in more shopping for consumers, just the way the company wants. Woolworth is stated to be one of the most innovative retailers of Australia. They understand their customers need and implement ideas and strategies that make their shopping an easy affair. The best part of Woolworth is their groceries can be distributed instantly from the kitchen bench. Recommendation: For better control of inventory, Woolworth should go for perpetual inventory control process. It is the process of collecting data from the individual outlets and based on the sell rate can store proper levels of goods as per consumer needs. It will increase sales and minimise storage of inventory. Forecasting should be done at the store level in accordance to the rate of sale and product turn around. It helps reducing overstock situations and develops in-stock for consumers. Conclusion: Woolworth has been doing a great job over the years for the people of Australia. However, there is always scope for improvement, and Woolworth is coming up with some. It is not easy to be a leader in the market over the years, but Woolworth has just been doing that. It faces competition, but it has the power to sustain that and move on. Certain supply chain improvements will serve better for Woolworth. Reference: Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Gilmour, P., 2013. Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Juan Ding, M., Jie, F., A. Parton, K. and J. Matanda, M., 2014. Relationships between quality of information sharing and supply chain food quality in the Australian beef processing industry.The International Journal of Logistics Management,25(1), pp.85-108. Laosirihongthong, T., Adebanjo, D. and Choon Tan, K., 2013. Green supply chain management practices and performance.Industrial Management Data Systems,113(8), pp.1088-1109. Oke, A., Prajogo, D.I. and Jayaram, J., 2013. Strengthening the innovation chain: The role of internal innovation climate and strategic relationships with supply chain partners.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(4), pp.43-58. Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L.M. and Leong, G.K., 2015. Professional, research, and publishing trends in operations and supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(3), pp.87-100.

Explosion free essay sample

Topic Sentence Imo the Norwegian Ship should be blamed most for this incident, for being in too much of hurry, not following sea rules, and the stubbornness of the ship’s captain. EvidenceProof/Quote/Fact/Research| Explain the relevance of this evidence to your thesis statement. How does it support your overall argument? | SOURCE CITATION(Where did you get itfrom? )| Twice the captain of the ship of the Imo Avoided other vessels by passing there starboard side (wrong side). | The captain is already not following the rules of the sea, how do we know it was not completely the Norwegian ships fault. http://thecanadian encyclopedia. com/featured/the-Halifax-explosions | The Imo was 18 hours behind Schedule and Mont Blanc was aSitting duck outside, and Pilot Mont Blanc was astonished to see the Imo advancing at high speeds. | The ship was in a rush to get tothe destination and was speedingon purpose so it could arrive quickerbut the plan had backfired when they saw the other ship in the path they had been taking. We will write a custom essay sample on Explosion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | â€Å"Halifax Explosion1917. † Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online school edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. , 2013. Web 1 Apr. 2013lt;http://school. eb. om/eb/Article-94438247gt;| There was a flurry of whistles Between the two ships the Norwegian ship did not changeDirection until final moments. | This caused the accident because if they weren’t going the wrong way and wrong speed we could have prevented this from happening And losing so many lives. | http://thecanadian encyclopedia. com/featured/the-Halifax-explosions| ARGUMENT #2 Topic Sentence

Free Essays on Illegal Migrant Labor In The United States

Illegal Migrant Labor in the United States They stand on corners early in the morning waiting to be picked up. They’re not prostitutes and they’re not criminals but rather the are ordinary people who come to this country from all over the globe in search of work. They’re Mexican , Haitian, Salvadoran, and various other ethnic groups who have left their countries for a variety of reasons. Some are just looking to make some money while others have left in order to escape poor and often times repressive conditions in their home countries. These people see America as a land of opportunity but these opportunities are not easy to find and when do find them they’re often times grueling tasks that no American is willing to perform. Through my extensive search I found two articles that caught my attention. The first was from the November 10th New York Times Magazine. It covered different aspects of illegal migrant labor including, working conditions and treatment from employers as well as Americans in general. In the article was a lengthy description on the plight of illegal Mexican laborers in Long Island. In one particular instance workers were attacked by the local population primarily because of racial prejudice (most of the workers are Latinos while the town is mostly white). There were also narratives of the daunting tasks the workers perform for very little money. The second article was from the front page of New York Times and talked about the scandal at a Tyson Foods meat packing plant , which involved the smuggling of workers from Mexico all the way to Kentucky to work at the plant. The plant managers did this in order to save costs but their scheme was uncovered when one of the workers notified the police. The primary reason why people hire illegal migrant laborers is they’re a source of cheap labor. Every year landscapers, far... Free Essays on Illegal Migrant Labor In The United States Free Essays on Illegal Migrant Labor In The United States Illegal Migrant Labor in the United States They stand on corners early in the morning waiting to be picked up. They’re not prostitutes and they’re not criminals but rather the are ordinary people who come to this country from all over the globe in search of work. They’re Mexican , Haitian, Salvadoran, and various other ethnic groups who have left their countries for a variety of reasons. Some are just looking to make some money while others have left in order to escape poor and often times repressive conditions in their home countries. These people see America as a land of opportunity but these opportunities are not easy to find and when do find them they’re often times grueling tasks that no American is willing to perform. Through my extensive search I found two articles that caught my attention. The first was from the November 10th New York Times Magazine. It covered different aspects of illegal migrant labor including, working conditions and treatment from employers as well as Americans in general. In the article was a lengthy description on the plight of illegal Mexican laborers in Long Island. In one particular instance workers were attacked by the local population primarily because of racial prejudice (most of the workers are Latinos while the town is mostly white). There were also narratives of the daunting tasks the workers perform for very little money. The second article was from the front page of New York Times and talked about the scandal at a Tyson Foods meat packing plant , which involved the smuggling of workers from Mexico all the way to Kentucky to work at the plant. The plant managers did this in order to save costs but their scheme was uncovered when one of the workers notified the police. The primary reason why people hire illegal migrant laborers is they’re a source of cheap labor. Every year landscapers, far...

Read Hamlet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read Hamlet - Assignment Example His actions upon seeing Ophelia right after the ghost story tells that he is leaving her as described by Ophelia His actions show him giving bidding Ophelia farewell. His succeeding actions show indifference perhaps to hide his emotions of to help Ophelia get over him. He does not mention her in his soliloquy directly for he was talking in general terms. He does mention love and heartaches but such can refer to any other person. He was talking in generalities. He never did mention him after the funeral because he had other concerns more important than lamenting on loves lost. At the funeral he spoke these words: He merely acts as he is in order that his ways will not be questioned nor will it be banned or forbidden. By doing this he is within the castle walls and is able to observe the King. As they say, â€Å"it is good to keep your friends close but even better to keep your enemies closer.†When he was already making comments or observations the King was quick to make provisions to send him to England. Hamlet had a plan but he and the audience did not expect that it will end as such. Hamlet could not express a well laid plan to the audience for he was acting as a mad man. It is a technique in writing that keeps the audience in suspense as to what are the details of his real plan is or its execution? Even now as we read it, decades after it was written we are still left thinking and speculating. I believe he was not insane as evidenced by the fact that at his death he wanted Horacio to tell his cause and that he did right. He was right. The first is because these men are below him in rank. This being the case, they are no concern of his. As they say, Royalty and Servants do not mix.† But this is inconsistent with how he treats Rosencrantz and Guildenstern at the earlier part of the play. He calls them, Another probable reason is that Hamlet was already so engrossed in his present

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Global warming - Research Paper Example This research essay will discuss about the origin of the global warming, how it has impacted, how to control it through a detailed analysis. Due to human activities, the atmospheric levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases have soared rapidly. Over the past century, the global average temperature soared about 10C in average, which is about 1.80 F and the sea levels have increased more than 15 cms (6 inches). Worldwide, glaciers are melting out and the huge ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland are frazzling at their peripheries. While summer heat waves have now become unbearable and rainstorms are escalating in many provinces while winters are less severe. At the same juncture, provinces of drought are turning to be more widespread, which resulted in the sharp increase in food prices. Species are witnessing risk of extinction due to the hostile atmosphere. Climate science comprises of study of the workings of the environment and ocean and of the interface between atmosphere and ocean and the other constituents of the mother Earth, namely fauna and flora. It also deals with the study of past climate namely paleoclimatology. Further, climate change is closely associated with the energy as future climate rests upon directly on our capability to maneuver emissions from fossil-fuel and to use eco-friendly renewable-energy sources (Mathez, 2013, p.xv). The origin of the global warming can be mainly attributed to human activities, particularly, the burning of coal, fossil fuels, oil & gas, adding together with large -scale deforestation and due to this , the gas CO2 emitted into the environment in higher quantities over the past two centuries and more significantly over the past five decades. Each year, there will be emission of CO2 into the atmosphere which will add to the CO2 which is already present in the

Sense Perception Essay Example for Free

Sense Perception Essay Maurits Corneluis Echecher (1898-1972) is one of the most famous graphical artists. He used to use maths in his art to trick peoples senses. Some of his paintings are used for atmosphere ideas in movies, for example inception. Magicians also play with our senses and trick us. The method they use is known as smoke and mirrors. The expression smoke and mirrors has now entered our everyday language in English it refers to deceptive behaviour, actions or information. What does red mean? Love, dangeretc. But it can also be a corporate symbol (vodaphone), a political symbol (like communist flag) communists were called the reds. Red can also be an artistic symbol, symbol of danger, sports team, red can take the significance of health (red cross). Iconoclastic when you cannot have use any religious symbols, like in Islam. In the mosque there are no statues, just quotes from the Koran. Whenever we perceive something the meaning changes depending on the context, the meaning depends on the context. What makes up this context ? * The history of the people. * The culture of the people. * The political views of the people. * Emotions. * The environment surrounding us (if were in a museum, class etc.) John Locke was the founder of the school of Empiricism he said that the human mind is born as a tabula rasa (clean slate). He believes we are born with nothing and no skills, he thinks that we gain ideas, skills and knowledge throughout our lifes. This means that context that provides the meanings to the things we perceive is not something were born with, but something we learn. Gestalt psychology (school of thought), it argues that we shouldnt understand perception as an individual phenomena, but as a whole because the result is more than the part of it. This theory may be applied to many things ex. a movie or a painting. This applies to the way we interpret other individuals and human actions, this is what we call social perception. Social perception is also related to the we dress up. Social perception also leads to racism, think of Germans and Jews.

Poetic Wordplay Essay -- Poetry Analysis

One of the recurring themes within Manyoshu, a collection of over 4,000 poems (Keene 1955, 33) written by a variety of authors—some of whom were emperors and their paramours—is love and the coping with the loss of one’s love. The very nature of the Manyoshu lends itself to this subject matter, particularly since many of the poetic works contained within are tankas that are highly symbolic and suggestive of association. As such, many of the poets found within this work utilized various literary devices to express their notions of love and its absence, some of the most important of which include diverse aspects of diction, anaphora, alliteration, and other forms of sentence structure. There is a definite proclivity of the structure of a poem influencing and coloring its content, particularly due to the utilitarian aspects of much of the literature that comprises Manyoshu. Many of these poems were also regarded as songs that would be stated or sung aloud during impo rtant rituals to utilize a spiritual aspect of the words and the sentiments they conveyed. Therefore, when discussing the topic of love and its loss within this compendium, it is important to understand that specific choices of words are highly influential in conveying the desires and feelings of both the poets and their poems. Numerous examples abound in which one can see how the diction of a poem helps to impart a particular meaning, especially when the thematic issue of that poem has to do with love. Oftentimes, much of the poetry within Manyoshu—which is the oldest known work of poetry written in Japanese (Morrow 2004)—treats of unrequited feelings of passion between individuals, such as the verses composed by Empress Iwa no Hime, who was romantically involved with Em... ...h is why so many of the poems in this volume deal with the haunting memory of a past relationship that a poet is clinging to through his or her writing. Works Cited Keene, Donald. Anthology of Japanese Literature, From the Earliest Era to the Mid-Nineteenth Century. New York: Grove Press. 1955 Print. Keene, Donald. Sources of Japanese Tradition: Volume 1: From Earliest Times to 1600. New York: Columbia University Press. Print. 2002. Morrow, Avery. â€Å"The Undecipherable Poem, No. 9 of the Manyoshu†. 2004. Web. http://avery.morrow.name/studies/manyoshu Nakamura, Dr. Hisashi. â€Å"Ten Thousand Leaves†. Tanka Society. 2009. Web. http://www.tankasociety.com/Tanka%20booklet%20Final%202.pdf Reiser, Gary. â€Å"FormForAll—Manyoshu Poetry†. Dversepoets.com 2011. Web. http://dversepoets.com/2011/11/03/formforall-manyoshu-poetry-hosted-today-by-jane-kohut-bartels-lady-nyo/

Lab Report Mn-Steel

Determination of Manganese in Steel Submitted by: ——————- Date of Submission: 27. 03. 11 Objectives: In steel production aside the iron, which is the primary source, some amounts of manganese is used together with carbon. The objective of this experiment is determining the manganese amount in the steel compound by using UNICAM UV-VIS Spectrometer. Theory: Many molecules absorb ultraviolet or visible light. The absorbance of a solution increases as attenuation of the beam increases.Absorbance is directly proportional to the path length, b, and the concentration, c, of the absorbing species. Beer's Law states that A = ebc, where e is a constant of proportionality, called the absorptivity. Different molecules absorb radiation of different wavelengths. An absorption spectrum will show a number of absorption bands corresponding to structural groups within the molecule. In this experiment wavelength range between 400-650nm is used in order to detec t in the visible range. Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron with carbon content between 0. 2% and 1. 7% by weight. 1. 5% manganese is may be used too, to provide additional strength for a modest price increase. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. In order to detect the manganese amount in the compound KIO4 is used to oxidize Mn+2 to Mn +7 since Mn+2 does not absorb in the visible region therefor cannot be detected.Tungsten lamp is used in the experiment to reach the range between 400-650nm. After the beam comes from the tungsten lamp, it passes through the monocromator to reach the wavelength range which was selected to find the maximum wavelength. After the light passes through the monocromator it goes through the cuvette and then the detector. The cu vette is made of quartz in order to pass the visible light whereas a glass cuvette would absorb it. The Redox Reaction: 5 IO4 – + 2 Mn2+ + 3 H2O ? 2 MnO4 + 5 IO3- + 6 H+ Reagents: KMnO4 KIO4 H3PO4 Unknown SolutionDeionized Water Apparatus: Pipette Beaker Heater UNICAM UV-VIS Spectrometer Quartz Cuvette Volumetric Flask Calculations: Weight of KMnO4 : 0. 09149g Weight of KIO4 : 0. 40807g emax: 525nm Absorbance for the unknown: 0,415 [pic] Conclusion: I: Qualitative and or Quantitative identification II: Error discussion While at the addition step of H3PO4 after 5ml of H3PO4 is pipetted, it was transferred into a volumetric cylinder, and then transferred into the unknown solution and the blank solution. There may have been material loss during the process.Dilution errors may have been done during the dilution process. There may be some personal errors made while weighing the compounds Any scratch, stain or fingerprint left on the cuvette may cause a shift from the accurate wave length in the detected value. If any bubbles left in the cuvette while the detection is made will as well as cause wrong wavelength value. Reference: http://teaching. shu. ac. uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/uvvisab1. htm http://www. kimya. boun. edu. tr/webpages/courses/chem308/Determination%20of%20Manganese%20in%20Steel. pdf

Essay on The Misconceptions of the American Agriculture...

Have you ever thought about what the world would be without Agriculture? Have you thought about going to the meat department of your local grocery store and there is no meat, but vegetable substitutes? The same people that are telling you that soy is an appropriate alternative to meat, have never been on a farm, and wouldn’t know the first thing about it. There are many organizations that lie to the American public each day to fulfill their self centered agendas. The organic sub-culture is gaining more popularity than ever, with their lies and false propaganda on topics as, herbicides, pesticides, land erosion, hazardous waste, steroids and medicines. Despite the lie’s and misconceptions, the agricultural industry is one†¦show more content†¦Most of the members are high school students, but many members are at collegiate levels. Another youth organization is the 4-H organization. The 4-H is a community of young people across America learning skills such as, citizenship, leadership, and lifelong skills. 4-H pro grams have three main goals: Science; Citizenship; and Healthy Living. The 4-H organization mission is to educate youth in arts, and sciences and also to encourage fellowship with service opportunities. With the continued urban expansion, 4-H continues to plan new projects for its members to study beyond agriculture and animal science, including, photography, conservation, cooking, public speaking, shooting sports and other skills. The 4-H is often associated with its summer camps, county fairs and large state fairs. 4-H has spread its philosophy to an international youth audience, and regularly awards and sponsors the 4-H trips and cultural events. The 4-H club currently has about 6.5 million members across America. 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Modelling And Analysis Of Climate Change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3766 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Tags: Climate Change Essay Did you like this example? 1. Executive Summary The burning topic throughout the world is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Climate Changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The close linkage between economic growth of the country and Greenhouse gas emission is indeed a serious debate. Development in industrial sectors will naturally increase GDP accompanied by emissions. However increase in GDP will pay way for higher standard of lifestyle and more income which results in increased consumption of energy and hence more emissions. The alarming global warming and the pressures of international treaties to reduce the emissions have triggered to analyse the relationship between economic growth (GDP) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. The relationship between GDP and Co2 emission for different countries are studied using regression-correlation model for a particular timeframe and in order to gain further insight on the emission curve, time series analysis is studied for few developed and developing countries. The data for analysis are taken from UN database and World data bank database. The relationship between GDP and Co2 emission could be drawn after analysing the linear regression equation and correlation factors of different countries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Modelling And Analysis Of Climate Change" essay for you Create order 2. Introduction Climate Change is a serious and long pending issue which seeks continuous solutions. The earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s climate change is mainly due to greenhouse gases triggered by human activities. Carbon di Oxide (CO2), the principal greenhouse gas is emitted by various means. Industrialization and technology have negatively impacted the environment by emitting the GHGs and discharging other pollutants. Fuel combustion accounts for the high amount of CO2 emission and there exists a strong correlation between total fuel emissions and CO2 emissions. Transportation and energy industries emit more percentage of CO2 emissions. Positive correlation exists between CO2 emission and total energy consumption. Hence the inferred fact is countries that emit more CO2 are those that consume more energy. As seen from the below graph, emission varies Figure 1: Change in GDP and CO2 emissions for 25 countries. Source: Change  in GDP and CO2 Emissions, Top 25 Emitting Countries, 1992 to 2006 Available online: https://cait.wri.org 3. Literature Review Various Climate models states that doubling of Green house gases (GHGs) will increase the temperature by 2-5 degree celcius in global mean temperatures. As per forecast, this level may reach by the year 2030 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2060. There may arise a situation wherein the effect of climate change may cause further amplification by releasing other GHGs. The recent level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is equivalent to 430 parts per million (ppm) CO2 compared with only 280ppm before the Industrial Revolution. By 2035, the level of CO2 emission could be reached 550ppm (CO2e) which implies a global increase in temperature of 2 degree Celsius. The below figure depicts the increase in GHGs emiited due to various activities. Increase in CO2, Kyoto gases (include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, PFCs, HFCs and SF6) and Clorofluro Carbons(CFCs) are depicted. Figure 2: Emisiion of Greenhouse gases over time period 1850 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990. Source: Stern review on economies of Climate Change. Figure 3: Green House gases emissions by Source. Source: Stern review on economies of Climate Change. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm Figure 4: World CO2 Emissions by Region Forecast Source: World CO2 Emissions by Region, Available at : https://photos.mongabay.com/09/forecast_co2.jpg Global emissions are expected to rise due to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"business as usualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ activities. The Kaya identity identifies total CO2 emissions as factors of population, GDP, energy intensity and carbon intensity. CO2 emissions from energy à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ Population x (GDP per head) x (energy use/GDP) x (CO2 emissions/energy use) Thus any à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“increases in world GDP will tend to increase global emissions, unless income growth stimulates an offsetting reduction in the carbon intensity of energy use or the energy intensity of GDPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Stern Report on economies of Climate change). The differing amount of emission is due to varied attributes depending on the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic development. The correlation between CO2 emission per head and GDP per head over the period 1960-1999 for 163 countries was 0.9. A recent research in US claims that 1% increase in GDP per head will cause 0.9% increase in emissions per head. Figure 5: Projected Co2 emissions. Source: Stern review on economies of Climate Change. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm Co2 emissions are high for developed countries than developing countries. Because of technological growth and economic development due to energy intensive industrial sectors in developing countries, the CO2 emission is increasing for developing countries. However in developed rich nations, due to shift towards service based economy and outsourcing activities, the CO2 emissions have decreased after reaching peak. Environmental Kuznets Curve EKC states that as income increases, the emission also increases upto a threshold limit of income after which the emissions will decrease. This takes a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“inverted U shapedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? relationship between the variables. From economic theory perspective, two reasoning have arose to explain the linkage between variables (GDP vs emission): First, the Kuznets behaviour is an income effect and initially investment in environmental quality was not encouraged. But when the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“turning pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is reached, demand for investments towards environmental quality arises. Thus after turning point, indicators points that there is a decrease in emission. Second reasoning states that EKC is a replica of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“stages of economic growthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, wherein they make a transition from agricultural to industrial and then from post-industrial to service based economy (Moomaw and Unruh 1997). Since the economy finally moves towards a service based economy, there is downward shift in emission level. In another words, it can be said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“economies pass through technological life cycles, moving from smokestack technology to high technologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Moomaw and Unruh 1997) Figure 6: Environmental Kuznets Curve Source: Moomaw,W.R., Unruh,G.C., Are Environmental Kuznets Curves Misleading Us?, Available online: https://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/archives/moomawpaper.pdf However EKC curve was not accepted by many theorists. Dinda2004 and Stern Review states that since the emissions are mentioned as a function of income. An increase in production/engineering activities causes emission and thereby income. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The corollary is that environment pollution is best addressed through economic growthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (World bank, 1992). Many argued that Granger causality exists between economic growth and pollution (Coondoo Dinda, 2002; Dinda Coondoo, 2006; Akbostanci et al., 2009; Lee Lee, 2009). Granger Causality does not mean that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“X causes Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? instead it implies that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“X possesses useful data for predicting Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This piece of work raises some question because it considers the relationship between economic growth and pollution in a bivariate environment (Stern, 1993, 2000). The relationship between economic growth and emission trends differs for developed countries, developing countries and Oil rich countries. Kyoto Protocol: The Kyoto protocol was established on 11 Dec 1997, is the protocol of   United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  (UNFCCC  ) designed with the objective of lessening global warming by reducing the GHGs emission into the atmosphere. About 187 states signed by Nov 2009. G77 (union of 77 countries) recognized that developed countries contributed high proportion of GHGs in the atmosphere and developing countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emissions are less and they will emit more percentage of emissions to satisfy their economic needs. The agreement of the Kyoto protocol and further negotiations has triggered the issue on the linkage between CO2 emission and economic growth. Critics claim that economic growth increases emission and any efforts to reduce emissions will have a negative impact on economic growth (The Russian Journal, 2003). Participation  in the Kyoto Protocol, as of June 2009, where dark green indicates the countries that have signed and ratified the treaty, grey is not yet decided and red is no intention to ratify. Figure 7: Kyoto Protocol Signatories Source: Wikipedia.org Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol As per Stern review (2004), it was stated that many attributes collage to generate EKC as development in manufacturing/production, change in mix of output/input and technological advancements. Each attribute is decided by various fundamental variables. In theory many factors interact based on assumptions to generate EKC. It is presumed that the economy shifts towards less developed countries as growth occurs. Due to initial production/manufacturing activities, the pollution per capita increases but gradually it is due to alteration in output mix. Another reasoning assumes that quality of the environment is a costly piece and environmental protection act increases with per capita income. (Grubb et al., nd). Few research states that emissions increases with income growth and few others notice a twist/turning points. Shafik (1994) states that the emissions increases with income and there exists no deviation. However Holtz-Eakin and Selden (1995) claims that the twist arises at a point of $35,418 while Neumayer (2004) mentions the range as $55,000 and $90,000 as deviation point based on assumptions. The impact of oil price shocks on CO2 emissions of various countries is studied by many analysts. Lanne and Liski (2004) did a study for 16 countries for the years 1870 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2028 and confirmed that in many cases, the oil price shock resulted in decreased Co2 emission when compared with the past years. The structural developed model indicates the any upsurge in oil prices is associated with the positive to negative emission elasticity (Moomaw and Unruh 1997). Friedl and Getzner (2003) conducted a study for one country Austria and confirmed that amidst oil price blow, CO2 emissions increased with GDP after 1975, but at a slower pace. It is thus worth mentioning that it is the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s circumstances that decides how it should react to external blows and to change in economic growth. Based on the varying perspectives of literature, it is necessary to do correlation and regression analysis to state if there is high correlation between GDP and Co2 emission. 4. Data Considerations The data for analysis is derived from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“World data bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? data catalog and UN database. The GDP (billion $) and CO2 emission (billion kg) for the year 2006 for 53 countries are derived from UN database. The sample countries are filtered based on the GDP. Only the countries with GDP of $30000 are taken into consideration. The final sample size is 53. The data GDP per capita (PPP) and Co2 emission (metric tons per capita) used in Figures 8 to draw trends for a period of 25 years for 5 years are taken from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"World data bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ database. 5. Analysis and Interpretation The variable being predicted or described, denoted by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is called dependent variable. The variable that is used to predict the value of dependent variable is called independent variable. The economic growth of different countries (GDP per capita) is the independent variable along X axis, that is used to estimate the value of CarbondiOxide emission, the dependent variable which is along the Y axis. Simple Linear Regression Model is the equation which relates how à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is related to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and to an error variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃŽÂ µÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is given by y = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1x + ÃŽÂ µ Simple Linear Regression Equation is the equation that links the independent and dependent variable and is given by E(y) = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1x . The estimated simple linear regression equation developed from sample data is given by Ã…Â ·Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   = b0 + b1x where b0 is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y interceptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and b1 is the slope and Ã…Â ·Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  is the predicted value of y for a given value of x. 5.1. Scatter Diagram Scatter diagram is used to determine the strength of relationship between GDP and Co2 emission. If the correlation coefficient is zero, it implies that there exists no correlation. However if the value is close to +1, it implies they are perfectly correlated and if the value is -1, it implies they are negatively correlated. The value of correlation coefficient can be found using the CORREL function in MS Excel. Figure 8 : GDP Vs CO2 emission (for 53 countries) Best Fit Regression model. The Chart depicts the regression equation and the coefficient of determination. Y = 0.453x + 96.165 The slope of the line is 0.453 which shows that slope is positive and there exists a positive linear relationship ie as GDP increases CO2 emission also increases. The Y intercept value is 96.165 as seen from chart. The slope and intercept are determined so as to reduce the error in predicting. Best fit line equation Co2 emission = (0.453 * GDP per capita) + 96.165 R2 = 0.5853 which shows there exists a moderate positive correlation between GDP and CO2 emission. The correlation strength between GDP and CO2 for various countries differs greatly. For developed countries there exists a weak correlation, but for developing countries there exists a strong correlation and hence the final result is a moderate positive factor. Thus the graph depicts that there exists correlation between GDP and Co2 emission. The points that are little farther from the best fit line corresponds to countries like US, UK, Japan, China and India. The GDP and Co2 emission trends for these countries would be discussed in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"time seriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ analysis section. To measure the goodness fit for the linear equation, the value of Co2 emission is determined with and without Linear model. (Calculation for best fit without using linear model is listed in Appendix). The performance can be better understood by error reduction in linear model. If the value is near to 0, it implies error is not reduced. In our case, the coefficient of determination is 0.5853 which means that the error variance is lessened by 58.53% using linear model. 5.2. Regression analysis It depicts how or to what degree the variables are linked with each other and regression analysis cannot be utilized for defining à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Cause and Effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ relationship. R2 is the coefficient of determination that is used to evaluate the goodness of fit for the estimated regression equation. Correlation coefficient represents the measure of the strength of linear assosciation between two variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The scatter plot of GDP Vs Co2 emission can be best fitted by a straight line. Figure 9: Regression Data analysis Excel Output 5.2.1. t Test : 5.2.2. ANOVA output: 5.2.3. F test: F test based on the F probability distribution, is used to test for significance The value in cell F12 is the p-value associated with the F test for significance. Given the value of significance ÃŽÂ ± (=0.01), it can be decided if H0 can be rejected or not. H0 can be rejected if p-value is less than alpha (ÃŽÂ ± =0.01). As per table, the p-value is 2.57E-11 ÃŽÂ ± (0.01). Hence we can reject the hypothesis H0 and thereby conclude that there exists a significant relationship between GDP and CO2 emission. The t-test for significance is equivalent to the F-test for significance in simple linear regression and hence the p-values offered by both means are identical. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Significance Fà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is used to identify the p-value for the F-test for significance. Standard error occurs twice in the output. In regression statistics, it refers to s , the estimate of ÃŽÂ ±. In estimated regression equation section of the output, it refers to Sb1, the estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution of b1. As seen from the Regression statistics output, the coeeficient of determination is 0.585 and the correlation coefficient is 0.577; the standard error that is used to identify the value of s, the estimate of ÃŽÂ ± is 742.02. 5.3. Analysis of Emission and GDP relations: The relationship between GDP and CO2 emission for different countries will be discussed in this section. The graph shows the GDP- CO2 trends for different countries for the year 2006. The scatter diagram depicts that there exists a positive correlation between GDP and Co2 emission. Only countries with GDP more than 30000 ($) are considered. The list of countries taken as samples are listed in Appendix. Figure 10: GDP trends for 25 years for 5 countries Figure 10: CO2 emission trends for 25 years for 5 countries 5.3.1. Time Series analysis for developing nations: The GDP CO2 emission trends for few developing countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" India, China, Japan are taken into consideration to study the CO2 emission patterns over the years. Panayotou (2000) states that it is inapt to use static data on CO2 emission and GDP of various countries to determine the linkage between two variables for a country over a timeframe. Hence time series analysis is utilized to analyse the relationship between GDP and CO2 emission for different countries over a period of 25 years. Figure 11: Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP Vs CO2 emission for 25 year Figure 12: Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP Vs CO2 emission for 25 year Figure 13: Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP Vs CO2 emission for 25 year There has been a tremendous significant growth in developing countries in the last 20-30 years. The evolution process of Co2 emission from a timeframe of transition to maturity can be better understood by analyzing the developing countries which have gained noteworthy economic progress. GDP per capita for China was growing much faster than Co2 emission. Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Co2 emission is similar to Ukà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emission and Japan has experienced a high economic progress in the last 20 years. Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2002 GDP was 99% that of 1982 GDP and its Co2 emission was 114% that of 1982 emission. This depicts how carbon emissions are highly related with the growth of the nations economy. This is further supported from scatter diagrams of developing countries which represents the coefficient of determination and regression equation. India , China and Japan exhibits a correlation of 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92 respectively. (Figure 11, 12, 13) 5.3.2. Time Series analysis for Developed Countries: The figure 10 and 11 shows the GDP and Co2 emission for 5 countries for a period of 25 years. The graph clearly illustrates the the explicit growth of GDP and CO2 emissions of US and UK over the years. UK and US economy were the primitive economies to industrialize and established a stable position in the world market. The increase in GDP for both the countries depicts the steady economic growth over the years. However there exists slight dip in the CO2 emission cureve for both the countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" US and UK which is due to the upsurge of oil price. Inspite of stable growth, the emission per capita for US did not vary much within the 25 years. However for UK, the emission per capita is decreasing over the years. Hence the statement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" GDP growth will increase the Co2 emissionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is subjected to question. Figure 14: United Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP Vs CO2 emission for 25 year Figure 15: United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP Vs CO2 emission for 25 year Hamilton and Turton ( 2000 ) points out that US and UK have taken enormous steps to reduce emission by implementing energy-efficient programs. UK has reduced its fossil fuel consumption and hence there is a downward shift for emission. However in US, the electricity consumption is too high and hence there is no deep fall in Co2 emission. The EU also moved towards energy efficient production system and they adopted to low carbon fuels. Thus the figure 14 and 15 shows that there exists a weak correlation between Co2 emission and economic growth due to above reasons. This clearly proves why we got a R2 = 0.58 in spite of high correlation for developing countries and weak correlation for developed countries. 5.4. Analysis of rates of economic growth and Co2 emission: Increasing awareness on global warming have paved way for international treaties like Kyoto protocol which sets boundaries for carbon emissions as a basic step to reduce the emissions. The below figure shows the plot for OECD countries for 20 years. OECD countries are listed in Appendix. As seen from the figure, GDP and emissions have increased and decreased over the years and it is thus difficult to conclude if economic progress is linked with either growth or fall in emissions for a time period. Figure 16: Yearly growth emissions and income for OECD countries Source: Grubb,M., Butler,L., Feldman,O., Analysis of the Relationship between Growth in Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Growth in Income, Available online: https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/GA12.pdf The below figure shows the percentage change in emission and GDP for EIT (Economy In Transition) countries. Economic growth was visible in many countries after the transition period. Fischer and Sahay (2000) claims that the countries that have adhered strictly to reform measures have experienced faster economic growth. The chart clearly shows that emissions have increased with GDP which supports the statement that GDP growth is linked with Co2 emission but other attributes do play a vital role in maintaining this positive relationship. Figure 17: GDP and emission changes for EIT countries. Source: Grubb,M., Butler,L., Feldman,O., Analysis of the Relationship between Growth in Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Growth in Income, Available online: https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/GA12.pdf 6. Conclusion: The core of sustainable development is to reconcile economic growth and quality of the environment. Based on the analysis, it is difficult to firmly state that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Co2 emission increases with GDP alwaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The datasets of OECD and EIT countries resulted in different conclusions. Analyzing the real dynamic trajectory by phase diagrams demonstrates that the pollution trajectory pattern depends on internal policy decisions and other exogenous factors. Over the years, economic growth of OECD countries is linked with the increasing, decreasing and steady trends of emissions. However for EIT countries, majority of the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ emissions increased with the economic growth but the amplitude of the growth varies greatly due to other attributes. Though there exists a linear relationship between GDP and Co2 emission, it cannot be said that the relationship will be stable forever due to various macroeconomic factors and international pressures. The GDP-CO 2 emission relationship for developing/EIT countries is highly correlated and when the country gains the status of mature status, it is the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ external factors and its reform measures that decides the relationship between GDP and Co2 emission. 7. References: Fischer, S., and Sahay, R., 2000. The Transition Economies after Ten Years, NBER Working Paper 7664. Friedl, B. and Getzner, M., 2003. Determinants of CO2 emissions in a small open economy, Ecological Economics, 45(1), 133-148. Grubb,M., Butler,L., Feldman,O., Analysis of the Relationship between Growth in Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Growth in Income, Available online: https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/GA12.pdf, accessed on 20 june 2010. Hamilton, C. Turton, H., 2002. Determinants of emissions growth in OECD countries, Energy Policy, 30, 63-71. Holtz-Eakin, D., Selten, T.M., 1995. Stoking the fires? CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth, Journal of Public Economics, 57, 85-101. Lanne, M., and Liski, M., 2004. Trends and Breaks in per-capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1870-2028, The Energy Journal, 25 (4), 41-65. Moomaw,W.R., Unruh,G.C., Are Environmental Kuznets Curves Misleading Us?, Available online: https://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/archives/moomawpaper.pdf, accessed on 18 June 2010. Neumayer, E., 2004. National Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Geography Matters, Area, 36(1), 33-40. Panayotou, T., 2000. Economic growth and the environment. CID Working Paper 56, Harvard. Shafik, N., 1994. Economic Development and Environmental Quality: An Econometric Analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 46, 757-773. Stern review on economies of Climate Change. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm , accessed on 18 June 2010 The Russia Journal, Kyoto Treaty Discrimnates Against Russia, 6th October 2003. https://data.un.org/, accessed on 21 June 2010 https://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog, accessed on 23 June 2010 World Bank, 1992. The World Bank Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment, Washington DC: The World Bank.